Window



March 3, 1964 s. LUNDE 3,122,799

WINDOW Filed Dec. 11, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG/b.

INVENTOIQ, 5 1c. 9&0 1.019%

S. LUNDE March 3, 1964 WINDOW 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIGS.

L T HM Q 4 7 4 5 f l {fir}? I 7 V i l I I I I I IIIII/ \M U /q aMWEAITO/Z. 6/6 UK 17 L M United States Patent 3,322,799 WENDGW SigurdLnnde, Huitfeldtsgt. 36, @550, Norway Filed Dec. 11, 1961, Ser. No.158,594 (Iiairns priority, application Norway Bee. 16, E69 4 Gaines.(*Cl. Bil-53) This invention relates to windows, and more particularlyto windows having a sash arranged for swinging movement about twohorizontal axes, one axis being at or near the top of the Window frame,and the other axis being approximately equidistant from the top andbottom of the sash.

In windows of this type, the window sash is swung outward about thehigher one of the axes to admit air to the interior of a building whilepreventing entry of rain. The sash is swung about the central axis forconvenient cleaning of the outside of the window.

It is the object of the invention to improve on windows of the typedescribed.

it is a more specific object of the invention to provide a window with asash swingable about two vertically spaced horizontal axes, in which theoutside of the sash is available for cleaning with a minimum of effort.

Another object is the provision of such a window the sash of which maybe swung about its lower axis without necessitating wide outwardswinging of the sash about the higher axis.

With these and other objects in view, the invention in its more specificaspects provides the side members of a window frame and of thecorresponding sash with elongated grooves which jointly constitute tworecesses, each extending in a side member of the frame and acorresponding side member of the sash from the top to the bottom membersof the sash and frame in the closed position of the sash. An elongatedarm having two end portions is arranged in each recess. One end portionis pivotally fastened to the frame near its top member and the other endportion to a side member or" the sash, so that the sash together withthe arm may be pivoted about one axis adjacent the window frame top andthe sash may be independently pivoted on the arms about a central axis.

Other features and many of the attendant advantages of this inventionwill be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood byreference to the following detailed description when considered inconnection with the accompanying drawing in which like referencenumerals designate like parts throughout the figures thereof, and inwhich FIG. la is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the windowof the invention, one half of the window sash being shown pivoted out ofthe closed window position about the higher one of the axes, and theother half of the window sash being shown pivoted about the centralhorizontal axis;

FIG. lb shows a modified window of the invention in side elevation withparts of the window frame being broken away to better reveal the sashand the means for fastening it to the frame;

FIG. 2 shows a detail of the window of FIG. la in enlarged frontelevation;

FIG. 3 shows the window of HG. 1a in fragmentary side elevationalsection on the lines llllil in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4;

FIG. 4 is a sectional plan View of the detail illustrated in FIG. 2 andis taken on the line IVIV, the plane of section also being indicated inFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows another detail of the window of PEG. 1a, with a side memberof the frame broken away and the bottom member of the frame or sillshown in section;

ice

FIG. 6 shows the sash of the window 1a in section on the line VlV-I inFIG. 5; and

PEG. 7 is a section through the side members of the frame and sash onthe line VII-VII in FIG. 5.

Referring now to the drawing in detail and initially to FIG. 1a, thereis seen a window frame 1 consisting of a top member 111, two sidemembers 117, and a bottom member or sill lc. The frame 1 defines anopening into which a sash 2 may be inserted. The opening and the sashare of rectangular shape, and the horizontal width of the opening overits entire height is slightly greater than the corresponding width ofthe sash.

The sash 2 is hung in the frame 1 by means of two elongated arms 4:, theends of which are respectively pivoted on pins 3 at the corners of theframe where the top member in and the side members 1b meet, and on pins5 at the center of the side members 112. As seen in the left portion ofFIG. 1a, the sash 2 may be swung outward together with the arms 4 aboutthe common axis of the pivot pins 3 near the top of the frame 1. As seenin the right portion of FiG. la, the sash 2 may be pivoted aoout thecommon axis of the pins 5 while the arms 4 remain in the position whichthey asume when the window is closed. A filler strip 6 having a similarappearance to the arms 4- is fastened on the portion of each sash sidemember which extends downward from the pin 5 so that the sash, when notpivoted about the pins 5, presents uniformly appearing sides interruptedonly by the centrally located pins 5.

It will be understood that the sash 2 is glazed, or provided withscreening or other insert material which extends between the elements ofthe sash structure illustrated. Such a glass pane, screen panel or thelike has not been illustrated since itis conventional and wouldinterfere with pictorial representation of the inventive features of thewindow.

FIG. 2 shows the upper left hand corner of the window of FIG. la, asviewed in front elevation from the outside in the closed condition.There are seen two hinge leaves 3a, 3b which are respectively attachedto the side member if; of the frame and to one end of the arm 4-, andare connected by the pin 3 which is integral with one of the leaves andengages a corresponding eye in the other leaf.

FIG. 3 shows portions of the window of FIG. la in side elevationalsection onthe line -III--l-II in FIG. 4, whereas the latter figureillustrates the side members of the frame and sash in plane section onthe line IVIV in FIG. 3.

The opposite faces of the window frame side member 1b and of thejuxtaposed member of the sash 2 are seen to be rabbeted so as to 'beeach formed with an elongated groove. The grooves jointly form anelongated recess in which the arm 4 is received when the window isclosed, or when arm 4 and sash 2 are jointly pivoted on the pins 3. Therecess is opentoward that side of the window which is outside thebuilding in the normal installed condition of the window, and the narrowlongitudinal wall of the recess opposite the open side is formed by stepfaces lb and 211 on the window frame and the sash, respectively.

The arm 4 has a resilient strip 1% of sealing material (weatherstripping) insented therein in such a manner that it bridges the openingbetween the stop faces 1b and 212 when the arm 4 is fully received inthe recess between the side member Clb and the sash 12. The open side ofthe recess is simultaneously covered by a cap flange 4a integral withthe arm 4 which overlaps the side member db and the corresponding memberof the sash 2'.

A rotary latch 7 (FIG. 4) is mounted on the side member of the sash 2and permits the sash to be locked to the arm 4 by engagement with anapertured strike plate 7" for any other desired purpose.

seen in FIG. 3. It will be appreciated that the latch 7 has a handle(not shown) which is on the inside of the window in the normal installedposition. When the latch is engaged, the arm 4- rand sash 2 pivot as aunit about the pivot pins 3.

The several members of the window frame are formed with a groove 12which circles the window opening and opens into the aforedescribedrecess for better sealing of the window, as is conventional. Except forthis groove, the upper longitudinal portion of the recess is almostfilled with the 4. The arm abuts in tightly sealing engagement againstthe stop faces lb and 25 but is sufficiently spaced from the sidemembers of the frame 1 and sash 2 to ensure flee movement of the arm 4under all conditions.

The hinge leaves 3a, 3b which are connected by the pivot pin 3, and thehinge leaves 5a, 5b which are connected by the pivot pin 5 are mountedin conforming recesses of the side member 1b and of the correspondingside member of the sash 2 so as to be flush with the respective faces ofthe side members.

'As best seen from joint consideration of FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, the fillerstrip 6 is of a shape substantially identical with that of the arm 4.The filler strip has a resilient strip 19 of sealing material insertedin an outside surface which abuts against the stop face 1b of the sidemember 1b of the window frame, when the window is closed, andpermanently abuts against the stop face 21: of the sash 2 to which thetiller member 6 is fixedly attached, as is evident from FIG. 6 whichonly shows the sash without the frame. A cap flange 6a integral with themember 6 projects from the recess in which the filler member 6 and thearm 4 are received in the closed window position. The cap flange 6aoverlaps laterally adjoining portions of the side member of the sash 2,and abuttingly overlaps the side member 1b of the frame 1 in the closedwindow position.

The juxtaposed grooves in the side members of the frame '1 and of thesash 2 thus constitute a recess which extends with uniform cross sectionfrom the top to the bottom of the window opening. About one half of thegroove length is largely filled with the arm 4 in the closed windowposition and the other half is almost filled by the filler member 6. Thearm '4 and the tiller member 6 seal the gap necessary between the windowand frame side members for easy operation of the window by means of adouble seal in which thecap flanges 4a, 6a and the resilient stripenclose an air chamber communicating with the groove =12.

Referring again to FIG. 3, it is seen that the top memher In of thewindow frame 1 is recessed and the recess 14 in the member 1a ismatingly engaged by the top of the sash 2, except for the groove 12. Therecess 14 in the frame member 1a is open downwardly toward the windowsill. Adjacent the open side, the recess has a wall or stop face 8 in aplane tangential relative to a cylinder drawn about the axis of thepivot pins 3 and perpendicular to the axis of the window opening, andanother wall or stop face 9 which is obliquely inclined to the axis ofthe window opening and also tangential to the aforementioned cylinder.The two stop faces 8, 9 jointly define a space which tapers in an upwarddirection.

The arm 4 and the filler member 6 are seen in FIG. 3 to have respectiveend faces which are obliquely transverse of the common direction ofelongation of the arm 4 and the filler member 6. These end faces are inabutting engagement and form a seal when the window is closed or whenthe arms 4 together with the sash 2 are swung outward of the frame :1about the 3 While the latch 7' engages the aperture of the plate 7 FIG.5 illustrates the relative position of the arm 4, the sash 2' and theframe 1, when the sash is pivoted from the closed position about thepins 5 for cleaning or When the sash 2 is swung counterclockwise fromthe position seen in FIG. 5, its

lower edge eventually abuts against a stop face 1c of the window sill 1cin which a sealing strip 11 is embedded. I prefer to avoid directcontact of the bottom of the sash 2 with the window sill 1c in theinterest of easy opening and closing of the window. A gap 13communicating with the groove 12 is left and is sealed from the insideof the building by the strip 11.

I normally equip the bottom member of the sash 2 with a rotary latchsimilar to the latch 7 and cooperating with a corresponding strike platein the window sill 1c. Such a latch is shown at 21 in FIG. 1b but hasbeen omi-tted from FIGS. la and 2 to 7 for the sake of clarity.

The afo-re-descr-ibed window is operated as follows:

When it is desired to open the window for admitting air while excludingprecipitation, the latch 7 is kept locked but the latch corresponding tothe latch 21 is turned open and is pushed outward, whereupon the windowswings on the pins 3 into the position illustrated in the left portionof FIG. la. It maybe secured in that position in any desired manner, forexample by non-illustrated braces attached to the window sill 1c.

When it is desired to admit a maximum of fresh air or to elem theoutside of the non-illustrated window pane in the sash 2, the latchcorresponding to the latch 21 is left locked but the latch '7 is rotateduntil it clears the strike plate 7'. The sash 2 may then be tilted onthe pivot pins 5 into any desired position. The axis of the pins 5 is inthe central plane of symmetry of the sash 2 but laterally offset fromthe center of gravity of the sash. In the absence of external forces,the sash will tend to assume the horizontal position seen in the righthalf of FIG. la and also illustrated in FIG. 5. Because of the nearnessof the pivoting axis to the center of gravity, it is quite easy to pivotthe window sash into any other desired position in which it may then befixed by conventional means not further illustrated.- If so desired, thewindow may readily be turned through approximately for greatestconvenience in cleaning.

While the need for such operation may not frequently arise, it ispossible to tilt the sash 2 simultaneously about the axes of the pins 3and 5. Where the sash is also employed as a reflector for celestiallight, the simultaneous outward movement about the pins 3 and titltingmovement. about the pins 5 permits the sash 2 to be positioned forreflecting a maximum of light into the window opening.

When the window is being closed, the top member of the sash 2 is wedgedinto the recess M in the top H1611): ber 1a of the window frame andprovides a tight seal which, nevertheless, is readily broken when thewindow is to be opened. The necessary gaps between the side members ofthe frame and sash are tightly sealed by the interposed arms 4 andfiller members 6. A tight seal at the bottom of a window is not overlyimportant whereit is mainly intended to keep heat in the building butthe seal provided by the strip 11 is amply adequate to seal out heatfrom a refrigerated building.

The modified embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1b is verysimilar to the window the structural and operational features of whichhave been described so far. It differs from the first embodimentdisclosed mainly in the manner in which the swinging arms are connectedto the window frame.

The hinge leaves 3a, 3b and the pin 3 which connect the arms 4 to theframe 1 for rotation about a fixed axis have been replaced in theapparatus shown in FIG. 1b by a slotted plate 3" in each top corner ofthe window frame. The plate 3" is engaged by a pin 3' which is rotatableand longitudinally movable in the slot of the plate. The slot extendsfrom a point adjacent the top frame member 1a downward and outward ofthe window.

Braces 29 connect a central portion of each arm 4' intermediate the pins3' and 5 to a point of the window frame side member 1b somewhat belowthe level of the pin 5 in the closed position of the window. The braces20 are fastened to the side members 1b and the arms 4' respectively byhinges 2i) and 20". 'Only one brace 20 and one set of hinges is seen inFIG. 1b. The arms 4 are substantially similar to the afore-describedarms 4 but have openings suitably dimensioned to permit movement of thebraces 26. The braces 20* are of relatively thin sheet stock and fitinto the clearance between the arm 4 and one of the side members of theframe 1 or sash 2 in the closed position of the Window.

The tilting movement of the sash 2 about its central axis is unaffectedby the structural modifications which distinguish the window of FIG. 1bfrom that of FIG. 1a. When it is desired to tilt the window sash 2 aboutits upper horizontal axis, the latch 21 is opened without unlocking thelatch or latches 7 not visible in FIG. 1b.

When the bottom member of the sash is pushed outward by pressure appliedto the handle of the latch 21 or otherwise, the pins 3 slide downward inthe slots of the plates 3" while the hinges 20" and the portions of thearms 2- attached thereto move in circular arcs about the fixed axis ofthe hinges 20'. When the sash reaches the position sh wn in FIG. lb inwhich the pins 3 abut against the lower terminal walls of the slots inthe plates 3", the window has reached the limit of its outward swingingmovement about its higher horizontal axis. It will then maintain itsposition without the need for special fastening means. In theillustrated position, the sash permits passage of air through a gapbetween its top member and the top member 1a of the window frame.

The top member of the sash 2 carries a projection 9' which has aslanting face for engagement with a mating recess in the top member 1aof the window frame. The slanting face of the projection 9' guides thesash 2 into sealing engagement with the window frame 1 when the windowis closed by pulling the latch 21 inward, whereby the sash is raisedtogether with the arms '4.

The Window of the invention in common with known top-hinged windows hasthe advantages of permitting very effective ventilation of the buildingand of providing an unimpeded escape in the event of fire. Itadditionally facilitates cleaning of the outside surfaces of the windowpanes by a person standing inside the building.

Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present inventionare possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to beunderstood that within the scope of the appended claims, the inventionmay also be practiced otherwise than as specifically disclosed.

What I claim is:

1. A window comprising, in combination,

(a) a frame having a top member, a bottom member, and two side membersinterposed between said top and bottom members, said members defining awindow opening therebetween;

(b) a sash adapted to be engaged in said opening to substantially closethe same, said sash having a top member, a bottom member, and two sidemembers interposed between said top and bottom members, the members ofsaid frame and said sash constituting respective pairs of juxtaposedmembers when said sash is engaged in said frame, opposite adjacent facesof the members of each pair of side members being formed with respectiveelongated grooves, juxtaposed ones of said grooves jointly constitutingtwo elongated recesses each extending substantially from said topmembers to said bottom members when said sash is engaged in saidopening;

(0) two first pivot means on said frame adjacent the top member thereofand adjacent respective side members thereof;

(:1) two second pivot means on respective side members of said sash andspaced from the top and bottom members of said sash;

(e) an elongated arm in each of said recesses, said arm hav ng two endportions respectively secured to a corresponding one of said first andsecond pivot 6 means, and extending in a longitudinal portion of saidrecess;

0) a filler member in each of said recesses and substantially extendingover the remaining longitudinal portion thereof, said filler memberbeing secured to one of the side members adjacent the respective recess;and

(g) cap fiange means on each arm and on each filler member projectingoutwardly of respective ones of said recesses and overlapping said sidemembers.

2. A window as set forth in claim 1, wherein said recesses have onelongitudinal side open, and said side members have respective juxtaposedstop faces in said recesses facing each open side, each said armincluding an elongated sealing member in simultaneous abutting contactwith said stop faces when said arm is received in said recess.

3. A window as set forth in claim 1, wherein said top member of saidframe means is formed with recess means elongated transversely of saidelongated recesses and substantially parallel to said axis of said firstpivot means, said recess means having an open side opposite the bottommember of said frame means, a first longitudinal wall adjacent said openside and substantially perpendicular to said elongated recesses, and asecond longitudinal wall adjacent said open side and obliquely inclinedrelative to said elongated recesses; said top member of said sash meanshaving a projection substantially conforming to said recess means formating engagement therewith when said sash means engages said opening.

4. A window comprising, in combination:

(a) a frame having a top member, a bottom member, and two side membersinterposed between said top and bottom members, said members defining awindow opening therebetween;

(b) a sash adapted to be engaged in said opening to substantially closethe same, said sash having a top member, a bottom member, and two sidemembers interposed between said top and bottom members, the members ofsaid frame and said sash constituting respective pairs of juxtaposedmembers when said sash is engaged in said frame, opposite adjacent facesof the members of each pair of side members being formed with respectiveelongated grooves, juxtaposed ones of said grooves jointly constitutingtwo elongated recesses each extending substantially from said topmembers to said bottom members when said sash is engaged in saidopening;

(0) two first pivot means on said frame adjacent the top member thereofand adjacent respective side members thereof;

(d) two second pivot means on respective side members of said sash andspaced from the top and bottom members of said sash;

(e) an elongated arm in each of said recesses, each arm having two endportions respectively secured to a corresponding one of said first andsecond pivot means and extending longitudinally in said recess, each ofsaid first pivot means including a two-part hinge, one part being aslotted hinge plate, the slot of the plate extending from a pointadjacent a respective one of said top members downwardly and outwardlyof the window, and the other part being a pin engaging said slot, onepart of each of said hinges being attached to a respective one of theside members of the frame and the other part being attached to arespective one of the side members of the sash;

(f) a filler member in each of said recesses and substantially extendingover the remaining longitudinal portion thereof, said filler memberbeing secured to one of the side members adjacent the respective recess;

(g) cap flange means on said arm and on said filler member projectingoutward of said recess and overlapping said side members;

(h) a brace in each of said recesses in a clearance between saidelongated arm and an adjacent one of the frame side members, each bracehaving two end portions respectively secured to the arm and to theadjacent frame side member, one brace end portion being securedintermediate the first and second pivot means, and the other brace endportion being secured below the second pivot means; and

(i) hinges respectively securing the brace end portions to the arm andthe adjacent side member, one of said hinges having a fixed pivotingaxis parallel to the axis of said pivot means and permitting pivoting 8movement of the brace and portion secured thereto, and the other one ofsaid hinges having a pivoting axis parallel to the axis of said pivotmeans and movable in a slot extending transversely to said axis.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 11,002,228 Crittall Sept. 5, 1911 2,493,501 Reinmuller Jan. 3, 1950FOREIGN PATENTS 526,747 Belgium Mar. 15, 1954

1. A WINDOW COMPRISING, IN CIMBINATION, (A) A FRAME HAVING A TOP MEMBER,A BOTTOM MEMBER, AND TWO SIDE MEMBERS INTERPOSED BETWEEN SAID TOP ANDBOTTOM MEMBERS, SAID MEMBERS DEFINING A WINDOW OPENING THEREBETWEEN; (B)A SASH ADAPTED TO BE ENGAGED IN SAID OPENING TO SUBSTANTIALLY CLOSE THESAME, SAID SASH HAVING A TOP MEMBER, A BOTTOM MEMBER, AND TWO SIDEMEMBERS INTERPOSED BETWEEN SAID TOP AND BOTTOM MEMBERS, THE MEMBERS OFSAID FRAME AND SAID SASH CONSTITUTING RESPECTIVE PAIRS OF JUXTAPOSEDMEMBERS WHEN SAID SASH IS ENGAGED IN SAID FRAME, OPPOSITE ADJACENT FACESOF THE MEMBERS OF EACH PAIR OF SIDE MEMBERS BEING FORMED WITH RESPECTIVEELONGATED GROOVES, JUXTAPOSED ONES OF SAID GROOVES JOINTLY CONSTITUTINGTWO ELONGATED RECESSES EACH EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY FROM SAID TOPMEMBERS TO SAID BOTTOM MEMBERS WHEN SAID SASH IS ENGAGED IN SAIDOPENING; (C) TWO FIRST PIVOT MEANS ON SAID FRAME ADJACENT THE TOP MEMBERTHEREOF AND ADJACENT RESPECTIVE SIDE MEMBERS THEREOF; (D) TWO SECONDPIVOT MEANS ON RESPECTIVE SIDE MEMBERS OF SAID SASH AND SPACED FROM THETOP AND BOTTOM MEMBERS OF SAID SASH; (E) AN ELONGATED ARM IN EACH OFSAID RECESSES, SAID ARM HAVING TWO END PORTIONS RESPECTIVELY SECURED TOA CORRESPONDING ONE OF SAID FIRST AND SECOND PIVOT MEANS, AND EXTENDINGIN A LONGITUDINAL PORTION OF SAID RECESS; (F) A FILLER MEMBER IN EACH OFSAID RECESSES AND SUBSTANTIALLY EXTENDING OVER THE REMAININGLONGITUDINAL PORTION THEREOF, SAID FILLER MEMBER BEING SECURED TO ONE OFTHE SIDE MEMBERS ADJACENT THE RESPECTIVE RECESS; AND (G) CAP FLANGEMEANS ON EACH ARM AND ON EACH FILLER MEMBER PROJECTING OUTWARDLY OFRESPECTIVE ONES OF SAID RECESSES AND OVERLAPPING SAID SIDE MEMBERS.